e Black-Scholes model application in the case study, I noticed that the volatility estimation seems significantly underestimated given the historical events during that period. Would incorporating a GARCH model or stochastic volatility provide a more accurate pricing?”（古普塔教授，關(guān)于案例研究中布萊克-斯科爾斯模型的應(yīng)用，我注意到考慮到該時(shí)期的歷史事件，波動(dòng)率估計(jì)似乎被顯著低估了。引入GARCH模型或隨機(jī)波動(dòng)率模型是否能提供更準(zhǔn)確的定價(jià)？）林高遠(yuǎn)指著電腦屏幕上的金融模型和圖表，英語(yǔ)流利，問(wèn)題直指核心。

Professor Gupta 是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的金融學(xué)者，他贊許地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭：“Sharp observation, Lin. Volatility clustering and regime shifts are critical in that context. Let me show you how we can implement a more robust volatility estimation framework…”（敏銳的觀察，林。在那個(gè)背景下，波動(dòng)率聚集和機(jī)制轉(zhuǎn)換至關(guān)重要。讓我給你展示如何實(shí)施一個(gè)更穩(wěn)健的波動(dòng)率估計(jì)框架……）

夕陽(yáng)的金輝透過(guò)圖書館高大的彩繪玻璃窗，灑在埋頭苦讀的學(xué)子身上，也照亮了教授辦公室內(nèi)熱烈討論的身影。